Geological Maps of South Africa

The Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: Geological framework and mineralization processes

The Witwatersrand Basin formed over a period of 360 Ma between 3074 and 2714 Ma. Pulses of sedimentation within the sequence and its precursors were episodic, occurring between 3086-3074 Ma (Dominion Group), 2970-2914 Ma (West Rand Group) and 2894-2714 Ma (Central Rand Group). Detritus was derived from a mixed granite-greenstone source of two distinct ages; the first comprises Barberton-type gr...

The Effect of South African Geopolitical Position in the Development of Cinema in South Africa

This paper will discuss about the role of the geopolitical location of South Africa in the development of movie and the cinema industry in this country. Despite of bringing ci-nema to South Africa by white Europeans, but the development of this phenomenon is mostly due to the geopolitical position of this country. It is interesting to know that ci-nema reached Africa in much the same time as it...

Pillar Design in the Hard Rock Mines of South Africa

This paper gives an overview of the difficulties associated with the design of hard rock pillars in South African mines. Recent examples of large scale pillar collapses in South Africa suggest that these were caused by weak partings which traversed the pillars. Currently two different methods are used to determine the strength of pillars, namely, empirical equations derived from back analyses o...

The Oldowan horizon in Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa): archaeological, geological, paleontological and paleoclimatic evidence.

Variation of ionospheric slab thickness over South Africa

Ionospheric slab thickness is defined as the ratio of TEC to maximum electron density of the F-region (NmF2), proportional to the square of the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2). It is an important parameter in that it is linearly correlated with scale height of the ionosphere, which is related to electron density profile. It also reflects variation of the neutral temperature. Therefore, ionos...